Working with Pipelines

A typical Pachyderm workflow involves multiple iterations of experimenting with your code and pipeline specs.

In general, there are five steps to working with a pipeline. The stages can be summarized in the image below.

We will walk through each of the stages in detail.

Step 1: Write Your Analysis Code #

Because Pachyderm is completely language-agnostic, the code that is used to process data in Pachyderm can be written in any language and can use any libraries of choice. Whether your code is as simple as a bash command or as complicated as a TensorFlow neural network, it needs to be built with all the required dependencies into a container that can run anywhere, including inside of Pachyderm. See Examples.

Your code does not have to import any special Pachyderm functionality or libraries. However, it must meet the following requirements:

• Read files from a local file system. Pachyderm automatically mounts each input data repository as /pfs/<repo_name> in the running containers of your Docker image. Therefore, the code that you write needs to read input data from this directory, similar to any other file system.

  Because Pachyderm automatically spreads data across parallel containers, your analysis code does not have to deal with data sharding or parallelization. For example, if you have four containers that run your Python code, Pachyderm automatically supplies 1/4 of the input data to /pfs/<repo_name> in each running container. These workload balancing settings can be adjusted as needed through Pachyderm tunable parameters in the pipeline specification.

• Write files into a local file system, such as saving results. Your code must write to the /pfs/out directory that Pachyderm mounts in all of your running containers. Similar to reading data, your code does not have to manage parallelization or sharding.

Step 2: Build Your Docker Image #

When you create a Pachyderm pipeline, you need to specify a Docker image that includes the code or binary that you want to run. Therefore, every time you modify your code, you need to build a new Docker image, push it to your image registry, and update the image tag in the pipeline spec. This section describes one way of building Docker images, but if you have your own routine, feel free to apply it.

To build an image, you need to create a Dockerfile. However, do not use the CMD field in your Dockerfile to specify the commands that you want to run. Instead, you add them in the cmd field in your pipeline specification. Pachyderm runs these commands inside the container during the job execution rather than relying on Docker to run them. The reason is that Pachyderm cannot execute your code immediately when your container starts, so it runs a shim process in your container instead, and then, it calls your pipeline specification’s cmd from there.

ℹ️

The Dockerfile example below is provided for your reference only. Your Dockerfile might look completely different.

To build a Docker image, complete the following steps:

1. If you do not have a registry, create one with a preferred provider. If you decide to use DockerHub, follow the Docker Hub Quickstart to create a repository for your project.

2. Create a Dockerfile for your project. See the OpenCV example.

3. Build a new image from the Dockerfile by specifying a tag:

   docker build -t <image>:<tag> .

   

For more information about building Docker images, see Docker documentation.

Step 3: Push Your Docker Image to a Registry #

Once your image is built and tagged, you need to upload the image into a public or private image registry, such as DockerHub.

Alternatively, you can use the Pachyderm’s built-in functionality to tag, and push images by running the pachctl update pipeline command with the --push-images flag. For more information, see Update a pipeline.

1. Log in to an image registry.

   If you use DockerHub, run:

   docker login --username=<dockerhub-username> --password=<dockerhub-password> <dockerhub-fqdn>

   

2. Push your image to your image registry.

   If you use DockerHub, run:

   docker push <image>:tag

   

ℹ️

Pipelines require a unique tag to ensure the appropriate image is pulled. If a floating tag, such as latest, is used, the Kubernetes cluster may become out of sync with the Docker registry, concluding it already has the latest image.

Step 4: Create/Edit the Pipeline Config #

Pachyderm’s pipeline specification files store the configuration information about the Docker image and code that Pachyderm should run, the input repo(s) of the pipeline, parallelism settings, GPU usage etc… Pipeline specifications are stored in JSON or YAML format.

A standard pipeline specification must include the following parameters:

• name
• transform
• input

ℹ️

Some special types of pipelines, such as a spout pipeline, do not require you to specify all of these parameters. Spout pipelines, for example, do not have input repos.

Check our reference pipeline specification page, for a list of all available fields in a pipeline specification file.

You can store your pipeline specifications locally or in a remote location, such as a GitHub repository.

A simple pipeline specification file in JSON would look like the example below. The pipeline takes its data from the input repo data, runs worker containers with the defined image <image>:<tag> and command, then outputs the resulting processed data in the my-pipeline output repo. During a job execution, each worker sees and reads from the local file system /pfs/data containing only matched data from the glob expression, and writes its output to /pfs/out with standard file system functions; Pachyderm handles the rest.

# my-pipeline.json
{
  "pipeline": {
    "name": "my-pipeline"
  },
  "transform": {
    "image": "<image>:<tag>",
    "cmd": ["command", "/pfs/data", "/pfs/out"]
  },
  "input": {
      "pfs": {
        "repo": "data",
        "glob": "/*"
      }
  }
}

Step 5: Deploy/Update the Pipeline #

As soon as you create a pipeline, Pachyderm spins up one or more Kubernetes pods in which the pipeline code runs. By default, after the pipeline finishes running, the pods continue to run while waiting for the new data to be committed into the Pachyderm input repository. You can configure this parameter, as well as many others, in the pipeline specification.

1. Create a Pachyderm pipeline from the spec:

   pachctl create pipeline -f my-pipeline.json

   

   You can specify a local file or a file stored in a remote location, such as a GitHub repository. For example, https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pachyderm/pachyderm/2.9.x/examples/opencv/edges.json.

2. If your pipeline specification changes, you can update the pipeline by running

   pachctl update pipeline -f my-pipeline.json